Health Effects

Human health can be seriously impacted from exposure to wastewater. Pathogens, bacteria, chemicals and heavy metals can make it through some sewage treatment processes, in particular secondary and primary treatment and enter our coastal environment. When we think about the source of some wastewater (hospitals and heavy industry) then this exposure can potentially be quite dangerous.

In 2007 the National Health Medical Research Council (NHMRC) commenced a review of National standards for water quality in recreational waters. These standards set limits for various biotic and abiotic parameters for water quality and swimmer and recreational safety. On 18th March 2008 the revised guidelines were released, following endorsement by the Chief Executive Officer of the NHMRC on recommendations from Council.

Across Australia management of risk in marine waters is governed by a complicated structure of international guidelines, legislation, State and Federal guidelines, associated draft guidelines, and licences granted by varying State government departments. As a result, for each State there are varying standards of water quality and an independent system of monitoring to ensure recreational safety.